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Description of the movies provided:
All movies are real time except Movie M7 (double-speed) and in WMV format. The semiconductor devices on Movies M1-M6 float in a large Petri dish full of 10-6 M NaCl solution. Two AC-powered electrodes from thin wire are placed above and below (or left and right) of the scale. Eext was 120 V/cm and the frequency was 1 kHz. The scale on the back is spaced at 1 cm in movies M1 to M3, M6 and at 0.5 cm in movies M4 to M5.
Please click on the movie titles to run the movie.
Movie M1_zoom_moving_diode
A 1-mm long semiconductor diode propels to the right when the field is turned on. Field direction is horizontal.
Movie M2_diode_small
A low magnification view of a miniature diode propelling. The diode (small speck near the bottom of the first frame) covers a distance of almost 5 cm in about 43 s. Field direction is vertical.
Movie M3_LED_up_down
Two LEDs orient vertically when the field is turned on, light up and begin propelling. Note that the diodes move in opposite directions because they are oriented oppositely with respect to their electrode polarity.
Movie M4_Diode_gear
"Diode-powered gear" begins rotating when the field is applied due to the directional propellant force of the diodes attached around the O-ring.
Movie M5_LED_gear
LED-powered gear without external illumination. The diodes rotate the gear and light up - note that the lit diodes are always to the left and right of the gear as they are the ones receiving most power from the surrounding vertical field.
Movie M6_Photodiode_light_control
Motility of photodiodes controlled by exposure to light (from laser pointer). The photodiode velocity drops sharply when they are illuminated and is restored when the light is turned off.
Movie M7_AC_DC_Decoupling
Separation of two types of particles within the channel of the microfluidic device. At first, only an AC field is applied and both types of particles rapidly move to the right by diode pump driven flow. However, under the simultaneous action of balanced AC + DC external fields, the small particle (1 µm amidine-stabilized latex) very slowly moves to the right, while the large particle (2 µm sulfate-stabilized latex) begins moving to the left.
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